Livogrit prevents Amiodarone-induced toxicity in experimental model of human liver (HepG2) cells and Caenorhabditis elegans by regulating redox homeostasis.

Treatment with cationic amphiphilic drugs like Amiodarone leads to development of phospholipidosis, a type of lysosomal storage disorder characterized by excessive deposition of phospholipids. Such disorder in liver enhances accumulation of drugs and its metabolites, and dysregulates lipid profiles, which subsequently leads to hepatotoxicity. In the present study, we assessed pharmacological effects of herbal medicine, Livogrit, against hepatic phospholipidosis-induced toxicity. Human liver (HepG2) cells and in vivo model of Caenorhabditis elegans (N2 and CF1553 strains) were used to study effect of Livogrit on Amiodarone-induced phospholipidosis. In HepG2 cells, Livogrit treatment displayed enhanced uptake of acidic pH-based stains and reduced phospholipid accumulation, oxidative stress, AST, ALT, cholesterol levels, and gene expression of SCD-1 and LSS. Protein levels of LPLA2 were also normalized. Livogrit treatment restored Pgp functionality which led to decreased cellular accumulation of Amiodarone as observed by UHPLC analysis. In C. elegans, Livogrit prevented ROS generation, fat-6/7 gene overexpression, and lysosomal trapping of Amiodarone in N2 strain. SOD-3::GFP expression in CF1553 strain normalized by Livogrit treatment. Livogrit regulates phospholipidosis by regulation of redox homeostasis, phospholipid anabolism, and Pgp functionality hindered by lysosomal trapping of Amiodarone. Livogrit could be a potential therapeutic intervention for amelioration of drug-induced phospholipidosis and prevent hepatotoxicity.

Investigating Ayurvedic Strategies: An In-Depth Examination of Managing Diabetes across Different Types.

In light of the escalating global concern surrounding diabetes mellitus, contemporary medical practices predominantly hinge on pharmaceutical interventions, accompanied by inherent side effects and enduring limitations. This investigation accentuates a discernible research void regarding the amalgamation of Ayurvedic principles an age-old traditional medical system with prevalent approaches to diabetes management. Despite Ayurveda's promising potential in furnishing a comprehensive and personalized strategy for diabetes treatment, the imperative for further research and collaboration between Ayurvedic practitioners and contemporary healthcare professionals becomes evident. Existing scholarly works underscore the potential advantages of Ayurveda in delivering holistic diabetes care, encompassing not only glycemic control but also fostering overall well-being. Nevertheless, a closer examination reveals specific limitations, challenges, and gaps in current research, necessitating targeted efforts to enable a more exhaustive exploration of Ayurvedic interventions within diabetes management. This comprehensive review scrutinizes Ayurvedic recommendations pertaining to dietary practices, lifestyle adjustments, and herbal therapeutics, shedding light on their plausible efficacy. It serves as a clarion call for heightened research endeavors, aiming to bridge existing gaps and carve a pathway toward an integrated, patientcentric paradigm in diabetes care. In summary, as diabetes prevalence continues to rise globally, the study underscores the limitations of current pharmaceutical-centric approaches and highlights the need for extensive research and collaboration to unlock the full potential of Ayurvedic principles in providing a more holistic and personalized framework for diabetes management. The review navigates through Ayurvedic recommendations, emphasizing the urgency for intensified research efforts to fill existing gaps and pave the way for a seamlessly integrated, patient-focused approach to diabetes care.

Traditional uses, hepatoprotective potential, and phytopharmacology of Tinospora cordifolia: a narrative review.

OBJECTIVES: Despite significant advancements in modern medicine, effective hepatoprotective medication with minimal side effects is still lacking. In this context. Tinospora cordifolia, an Indian Ayurvedic liana, has attracted much attention. KEY FINDINGS: Traditionally, T. cordifolia has been found to be effective in the treatment of jaundice; according to the literature, T. cordifolia is a hepatoprotective agent, and the CCl4 model is the most frequently used to evaluate its potential. Its hepatoprotective effects might be attributed to alkaloids (berberine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine) and sinapic acid. Berberine decreases inflammation by inhibiting the proinflammatory cascade triggered by TNF-α and reduces nitrosative stress by inhibiting iNOS. T. cordifolia also exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and other activities; it is safe at concentrations up to 2000 mg/kg. Its biological action can be attributed to polyphenols, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, and glycosides. T. cordifolia has also been found to be an active ingredient in several polyherbal formulations used to treat chemical-mediated hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION: T. cordifolia's hepatoprotective effects are mediated by the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, the management of oxidative stress, and other factors. T. cordifolia can be used to manage liver disorders and as a hepatoprotective supplement in the food industry. The bioprospecting of its alkaloids can lead to the development of novel formulations against hepatic ailments.

Unraveling the therapeutic potential of Senna singueana phytochemicals to attenuate pancreatic cancer using protein-protein interactions, molecular docking, and MD simulation.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) presents challenges due to limited treatment options and patients seek complementary therapies alongside conventional treatments to improve well-being. This study uses computational drug discovery approaches to find potential phytochemicals from S. singueana for PC treatment. Among the 38 phytochemicals screened from S. singueana, specific inhibitors against PC were selected. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis highlighted key targets with high degrees, including PTEN (8) and PTK2 (7) genes, along with their respective proteins 5BZX and 3BZ3, which were employed for molecular docking studies. 1-methylchrysene and 3-methyl-1,8,9-anthracenetriol showed strong binding affinities of - 9.2 and - 8.1 Kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations lasting 300 ns assessed structural stability and interaction energy of compound-target dockings: 1-methylchrysene-PTEN and 3-methyl-1,8,9-anthracenetriol-PTK2. In molecular dynamics simulations, the 3-methyl-1,8,9-anthracenetriol-PTK2 complex showed lower RMSD, RMSF, radius of gyration, solvent-accessible surface area, and more hydrogen bonds than the 1-methylchrysene-PTEN complex. The 3-methyl-1,8,9-anthracenetriol-PTK2 complex exhibited significantly stronger binding with a binding free energy (ΔG) of - 21.92 kcal/mol compared to the less favourable ΔG of - 10.65 kcal/mol for the 1-methylchrysene-PTEN complex. The consistent and stable binding interaction observed in the 3-methyl-1,8,9-anthracenetriol-PTK2 complex highlights its potential as a potent inhibitor of Focal Adhesion Kinase 1. Consequently, it emerges as a promising lead compound for the development of pancreatic cancer therapeutics. Conversely, the fluctuations observed in the 1-methylchrysene-PTEN complex indicate a less stable binding interaction. This indicates the potential of 3-methyl-1,8,9-anthracenetriol as a primary candidate for pancreatic cancer treatment. These findings improve our grasp of S. singueana's multi-target effects and its promise in addressing pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, additional in-vivo and in-vitro studies are required to validate their effectiveness and therapeutic potential. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-023-00179-9.

Patients' Choices for Yoga Therapy: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional, Convenience-Sampling Survey from India.

In conventional healthcare, patients' preferences for their treatment are determined, though this practice has not been reported for yoga therapy. The present convenience sampling exploratory survey attempted to determine whether those seeking yoga therapy would report preferences for the way yoga therapy is implemented, the therapist's knowledge, and related aspects of yoga therapy. Responses from 426 people attending a yoga therapy institution in India were analyzed. Based on the chi-square test (p < 0.05) and Cramer's V (> 0.10), most people wished to receive yoga therapy in a group of others with a similar disease (42.25%), in a yoga institution (83.57%), and as in-person sessions (48.83%). Patients preferred yoga therapists to know about the principles of yoga (40.38%), to be well-informed generally (61.97%), and to be able to give suggestions for emotional well-being. For the majority of participants (59.4%), the reason for selecting yoga therapy was "a belief in yoga as therapy" (rather than as an add-on therapy or as a last resort). Patients' expectations of yoga therapy were positive, namely a cure of disease (79.34%) and improvement after 1 year (95.8%). Most patients (91.6%) wanted their conventional medicine practitioner to know that they were receiving yoga therapy. Although limited by the study design, survey design, and participant details available, overall results suggest that patients (1) reported specific preferences (for the implementation of yoga therapy and for yoga therapists' knowledge), (2) had expectations of yoga therapy, and (3) most often were interested in their conventional care physicians being informed about the yoga therapy they received.

Unravelling the gut-lung axis: insights into microbiome interactions and Traditional Indian Medicine's perspective on optimal health.

The microbiome of the human gut is a complex assemblage of microorganisms that are in a symbiotic relationship with one another and profoundly influence every aspect of human health. According to converging evidence, the human gut is a nodal point for the physiological performance matrixes of the vital organs on several axes (i.e. gut-brain, gut-lung, etc). As a result of COVID-19, the importance of gut-lung dysbiosis (balance or imbalance) has been realised. In view of this, it is of utmost importance to develop a comprehensive understanding of the microbiome, as well as its dysbiosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the gut-lung axial microbiome and its importance in maintaining optimal health. Human populations have successfully adapted to geophysical conditions through traditional dietary practices from around the world. In this context, a section has been devoted to the traditional Indian system of medicine and its theories and practices regarding the maintenance of optimally customized gut health.

Incredible Combination of Lifestyle Modification and Herbal Remedies for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Management.

A relatively frequent endocrine-metabolic illness called polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by polycystic ovaries, persistent anovulation, and hyperandrogenism, which cause symptoms such as irregular menstruation, infertility, and hirsutism. PCOS is linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and increased amounts of androgens, or male hormones. The sedentary lifestyle, dietary fluctuations, inactivity, and stress are other contributing variables. According to estimates from India in 2021, around 22.5% of women, or one in five Indian women, suffer from PCOS. Evidence-based medical care for PCOS places a strong focus on a multidisciplinary approach, as standard pharmacological treatment frequently targets a single symptom, may be contraindicated, has adverse effects, and is ineffective in certain circumstances. However, long-term treatments have drawbacks and are likely to be ineffective, making complementary and alternative therapies a worthwhile choice. Yoga science is a thorough treatment plan for a healthy body and mind that may eradicate PCOS's primary causes, stress and obesity. Some common herbal remedies, including Foeniculum vulgare, Tinospora cordifolia, Asparagus racemosus, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Areca catechu, and Lepidium meyenii, have been highly regarded sources that have the benefits of lowering PCOS as well as having hypoglycemic and antiobesity effects. In light of existing literature, women with PCOS experienced symptomatic relief, improvement in hormonal balance, and the quality of life by utilizing yoga practices as well as herbal remedies. In conclusion, combining lifestyle modifications with herbal remedies can be used in the management of PCOS as a holistic approach. Therefore, this review opens a new window for researchers all across the world to validate such findings.

Alzheimer's disease: A role of biomarkers in early diagnosis and evidences from African ethnomedicinal knowledge.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological ailment that primarily affects the elderly and necessitates an efficient treatment regimen backed up by extensive care. Despite advancement in the in vivo imaging techniques focussing on early diagnosis of reliable biomarkers using novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission topography (PET) scans, AD remains largely unexplained and effective preventative and treatment strategies are still lacking. Consequently, research groups are constantly attempting to improve its early detection, using both invasive and non-invasive techniques with established core markers like Aß and Tau (t-tau and p-tau) proteins. Unfortunately, African American and other black races are facing an increasing burden of closely associated risk factors, and only a few attempts have been made to find effective complementary and alternative therapies for AD cure and management. A greater epidemiology and natural product research are required to deal with the concurrent rise of dementia among quickly ageing African population, which so far have largely been ignored in addition to a disparity in the AD risk factors. We have tried to bring attention to the issue by reviewing up on this predisposition while generating a perspective on how race may affect AD risk and expression. This article also puts emphasis on finding new research leads from African phytodiversity while presenting several of the important species along with their biological agents found helpful in dementia related symptoms.

Withania somnifera seed oil exhibits antibiofilm properties against drug-resistant Candida auris clinical isolate through modulation in cell permeability.

AIM: Candida auris, fast evolving drug-resistant fungus, poses an imminent global health threat. Alternative drug-resistance nonevoking treatment options are necessary. This study explored the antifungal and antibiofilm efficacies of Withania somnifera seed oil extracted using super critical CO2 (WSSO) against clinically isolated Fluconazole-resistant C. auris and its putative mode-of-action. METHODS AND RESULTS: Effects of WSSO on C. auris were tested by broth microdilution method, with observed IC50 at 5.96 mg ml-1. Time-kill assay revealed that WSSO is fungistatic. Mechanistically, ergosterol binding and sorbitol protection assays showed that C. auris cell membrane and cell wall are the targets for WSSO. Lactophenol: Cotton-Blue: Trypan-Blue staining confirmed loss of intracellular contents by WSSO treatment. Candida auris biofilm formation was disrupted by WSSO (BIC50: 8.52 mg ml-1). Additionally, WSSO exhibited dose and time-dependent mature biofilm eradication property with 50% efficacies at 23.27, 19.28, 18.18, and 7.22 mg ml-1 over 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, respectively. Biofilm eradication by WSSO was further substantiated through scanning electron microscopy. Standard-of-Care Amphotericin B, at its break-point concentration, (2 µg ml-1) was found to be inefficient as an antibiofilm agent. CONCLUSIONS: WSSO is a potent antifungal agent effective against planktonic C. auris and its biofilm.

Anticancer acumens of three Annona species: a proportional review.

INTRODUCTION: Cumulative pattern of cancer could be seen in day-to-day life with each passing year and, it is becoming a great matter of concern especially to the scientific community worldwide. Alternative treatment methods for various types of cancer are in place and, being continuously worked out. Plant-derived natural substances have shown great results in combating cancer in comparison to chemo and radiotherapies which are toxic besides having serious side effects. In continuation, Annona species, native to America, Africa, Asia and Australia have been used in folk medicines and, are reported to have many anti-carcinogenic substances. METHODS: For a prudent understanding of Annona species against various cancers, comparative investigation and analysis of three species viz., A. cherimola, A. muricata, and A. squamosa was undertaken through a detailed review of the in-attendance subject. The major scientific biomedical literature databases were consulted and the information available from 2011 until January 2021 was taken into account. RESULTS: Studies on anti-cancer activities along with the thorough analysis of the findings and the pieces of evidence supporting their anti-proliferative, apoptosis, G1 cell cycle arrest and cytotoxic effects are described. A. muricata displayed maximum number of anti-cancer activities being revealed by most of its parts with the lowest IC50 values against various cancer cell lines compared to A. cherimola and A. squamosa. On account of the findings, it is advocated that, further detailed studies on anti-cancer explorations of Annona species could be proved fruitful in paving new and innovative methodologies for novel anti-cancer drug discovery and development.

Anti-oxidant response of lipidom modulates lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans and in OxLDL-induced human macrophages by tuning inflammatory mediators.

Atherosclerosis is the main pathological process of several cardiovascular diseases. It may begin early in life and stay latent and asymptomatic for an extended period before its clinical manifestation. The formation of foamy macrophages due to dysregulated lipid metabolism is a key event in the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaque. The current pharmacotherapy for atherosclerosis is not able to address multiple aetiologies associated with the disease. Lipidom, an herbal prescription medicine, has anti-oxidant, lipid lowering and anti-inflammatory properties that lead to multifaceted treatment benefits against chronic inflammation, dyslipidaemia, and oxidative stress. The present study aimed to characterize the pharmacological effects of Lipidom using various experimental models. The phytochemical analysis of Lipidom was performed on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) platform. Lipidom was evaluated for cytosafety, IL-1ß and MCP-1 release, modulation of NLRP3 pathway, NFκB activity, ROS generation, lipid accumulation and gene expression in THP1 macrophages. Furthermore, Lipidom evaluation was also performed in the N2, CF1553, and TJ356 strains of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The evaluation of brood size, adult (%), lipid accumulation, triglyceride levels, SOD-3 GFP signal, MDA formation, DAF-16 nuclear translocation, and gene expression was performed in C. elegans. Lipidom treatment significantly reduced the inflammatory mediators, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and normalized genes involved in the development of foamy macrophages. Lipidom treated C. elegans showed a significant decline in lipid accumulation and oxidative stress. Taken together, Lipidom treatment showed a multifaceted approach in the modulation of several mediators responsible for the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaque.

Anu Taila, an herbal nasal-drop, delays spore germination in Cunninghamella bertholletiae by reducing cAMP-PKA dependent ROS in mucorale pathogen and extrinsic ROS in human host cells.

The rare, fastest-germinating, frequently invasive mucorale, Cunninghamella bertholletiae, is intractable due to its imprecise etiology. Cunninghamella bertholletiae spores can infect both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals to cause mucormycosis. Sub-optimal drug-susceptibility further limits its treatment options. The classical nasal drop, Anu Taila, is reported to be effective against the rather prevalent mucorales, Mucor spp., making its anti-mucormycotic effect against C. bertholletiae worth testing. The inhibitory effect of Anu Taila against C. bertholletiae was manifested as microstructural alterations of the spores and their delayed germination. Anu Taila reduced the germination-promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in both the pathogen, C. bertholletiae, and the human host lung epithelial A549 cells. Expressions of structural (chitin synthase, trehalose synthase) and functional (cAMP-PKA) markers of spore germination were regulated by Anu Taila. cAMP-PKA expression and ROS generation are well-correlated, implicating the role of Anu Taila in delaying C. bertholletiae spore germination by targeting cAMP-PKA-mediated ROS generation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Anu Taila can create an opportunity for the host immune system to tackle the onset of C. bertholletiae infection by delaying its pathogenesis. This can be further leveraged to reinforce the host immune system through combinatorial treatment to prevent the establishment of the mucormycosis infection.

Investigating the Role of Classical Ayurveda-Based Incineration Process on the Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Based Jasada Bhasma Nanoparticles and Zn2+ Bioavailability.

Jasada bhasma (JB) is a zinc oxide-based Indian traditional Ayurveda-based herbo-metallic nanoparticle used for the treatment of zinc (Zn) deficiency and autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. JB is made by following the Ayurveda-based guidelines using zinc oxide (ZnO) as a raw material and going through 17 cycles of the high-temperature incineration and trituration process known as "Ma̅rana" in the presence of herbal decoctions prepared from the leaves ofAzadirachta indica andAloe vera gel. These cycles improve the purity of the parent material and transform its physicochemical properties, converting it into nanoparticles. However, there still exists a knowledge gap regarding the role of incineration in the physicochemical transformation of the Zn raw material into JB nanoparticles and the biological interaction of the final product. In the present study, the JB samples obtained during different Ma̅rana cycles were carefully studied for their physicochemical transformation using analytical methods such as powdered X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). According to the XRD results, the Zn and oxygen molecules in hexagonal ZnO wurtzite crystals gradually realigned as a result of repeated heat treatments that caused lattice tension and crystal size reduction from 53.14 to 42.40 nm. A morphological transition from 1.5 µm rod shape to 31 nm in the JB particles can be seen using FESEM and SAXS analyses. The existence of 10 nm-sized nanoparticles in the finished product was confirmed by HRTEM. The presence of ZnO was confirmed in all samples by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. Cell viability analysis showed an inhibitory concentration 50% of >1000 µg/mL for JB nanoparticles, revealing no adverse effects in human colon Caco-2 cells. A dose-dependent uptake and intracellular accumulation of JB nanoparticles were observed in Caco-2 cells using inductively coupled plasma-based mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Bioavailability of Zn2+ ions (6% w/w) through JB dissolution in acidic pH 4.0 was observed, representing the stomach and intracellular lysosomal physiological conditions. Therefore, the study showed that the repeated incineration cycles produced biocompatible JB nanoparticles through the physicochemical transformation at molecular levels capable of delivering bioavailable Zn2+ ions under physiological conditions. In conclusion, the medicinal properties of JB nanoparticles described in Ayurveda were found to originate from their small size and dissolution properties, formed through the classical incineration-based synthesis process.

28-day repeated dose toxicological evaluation of Coronil in Sprague Dawley rats: Behavioral, hematological, biochemical and histopathological assessments under GLP compliance.

Ayurvedic medicines are widely employed globally for prophylaxis and treatment of a variety of diseases. Coronil is a tri-herbal medicine, constituted with the traditional herbs, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera and Ocimum sanctum, with known immunomodulatory activities. Based on its proven in-vitro activity and in-vivo efficacy, Coronil has been approved as a 'Supporting Measure for COVID-19' by the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India. The current study was aimed to assess the non-clinical safety of Coronil in a 28-day repeated dose toxicity study along with a 14-day recovery period in Sprague Dawley rats. This toxicity study was conducted in accordance with OECD test guideline 407, under GLP-compliance. Specific-Pathogen-Free animals of either sex, housed in Individually-Ventilated-Cages were particularly used in the study. The tested Coronil dose levels were 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day, orally administered to 5 males and 5 female rats per test group. In the current study, no mortality was observed in any group and in addition, Coronil did not elicit any finding of toxicological relevance with respect to clinical signs, ocular effects, hematology, urinalysis and clinical chemistry parameters, as well as macro- or microscopical changes in any organs, when compared to the control group. Accordingly, the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) of Coronil was ascertained to be 1000 mg/kg/day, subsequent to its 28-day oral administration to male and female rats. The acceptable safety profile of Coronil paves the way further toxicity assessments in rodents for a longer duration as well as in higher animals, and towards its clinical investigation.

P300 Following Four Voluntarily Regulated Yoga Breathing Practices and Breath Awareness.

Attention was influenced by yoga breathing in previously published research. Each yoga breathing practice uniquely modifies specific breath characteristics. Differences in the study designs, assessment methods and interventions resulted in difficulty in comparing effects between yoga breathing practices. This study aimed (i) to compare four yoga breathing practices on attention using an auditory oddball task and (ii) to determine cardiac autonomic activity associated with attention using heart rate variability. P300 event related potential was recorded simultaneously with heart rate variability before and after 18-minute periods each of (i) high frequency yoga breathing (with increased breath frequency), (ii) bellows yoga breathing (with increased depth of respiration), (iii) alternate nostril yoga breathing (with alternate nostril patency), (iv) bumblebee yoga breathing (with prolonged exhale), (v) breath awareness (with attention to the breath) and (vi) quiet seated rest as control in 38 yoga experienced males (average age ± SD; 24.08 ± 4.01 years). The six sessions were on separate, randomly allocated days. The P300 peak amplitude recorded at Pz was significantly increased after four yoga breathing practices (Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc tests, repeated measures ANOVA). No significant changes were noted in heart rate variability following yoga breathing or control sessions. These findings suggest that the four yoga breathing practices increase the attentional neural resources engaged for this auditory oddball task, irrespective of the characteristic of breath uniquely regulated in the four yoga breathing practices.

A systematic review on traditional, ayurvedic, and herbal approaches to treat solar erythema.

Solar erythema is a kind of radiation burn that strikes living tissue, such as skin, that arises from overexposure to UV radiation often from the sun. Ordinary symptoms of solar erythema include reddish skin, specifically warm to touch, overall tiredness, hurting, and mild whirl. Sunscreen contains SPF value, which measures how much ultraviolet radiation is needed to cause sunburn on sunscreen-applied skin, which is proportional to the quantity of solar energy needed to cause sunburn on unprotected skin. Between 30 and 50 SPF value is sufficient to protect from sunburn, especially for the people who are more sensitive to sunburn. Sunscreen also protects from sun damage including dark spots and discoloration and helps to keep skin smooth, spotless, and more even. Chemical-based sunscreen is widely used because it effectively protects the skin from sun damage, but it clogs pores and can be problematic for sensitive skin as it can cause itching or stinging of the skin and pus in the hair follicles. On the other hand, herbal sunscreen absorbs light preferentially over the range of 280-320 mm without causing any harm to the skin and eyes. Ayurveda rejuvenates dull skin by regaining the skin's natural glow and radiance. This review concludes the damaging and harmful effects of UV rays, along with various traditional, ayurvedic, and herbal approaches to treat solar erythema naturally.

Heartfulness Cleaning and Meditation: Short-Term Effects on Attention and Affect.

Heartfulness meditation (HM) trains the practitioner's attention as they progress towards reaching a super-conscious state. The process is supported by guided "Heartfulness cleaning," which helps clear the mind. This study aimed to examine the short-term effects of HM on affect and cognition and determine whether performing Heartfulness cleaning beforehand influenced the meditation outcome. Forty-eight experienced meditators (age range: 19-71 years and a male-to-female ratio: 27:21) were randomly assigned to 3 sessions: (i) HM, (ii) Heartfulness meditation preceded by cleaning, and (iii) quiet rest as a control. Mood state and emotional well-being were assessed before and after each intervention using established scales such as the Brief Mood Introspection Scale, Global Vigor and Affect Scale, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Digit Letter Substitution Test. After engaging in both HM and Heartfulness cleaning meditation (HCM) practices, there was a noticeable increase in feelings of pleasantness (7.3%, 7.0%, respectively) and positivity (7.5%, 7.8%, respectively), accompanied by a decrease in negative affect (14.4%, 16.5%, respectively). Additionally, HM and HCM increased in the net and total scores on a substitution test designed to measure associative learning. In contrast, there were no changes observed after 30 minutes of non-meditation. In summary, the findings of this study provide support for the positive impact of Heartfulness meditation and Heartfulness cleaning meditation on emotions, as well as their ability to enhance performance in tasks involving complex attention and associative learning. It should be noted that preceding Heartfulness meditation with 5 minutes of Heartfulness cleaning did not significantly alter the overall outcome of the meditation practice.

UPLC-QToF-MS based fingerprinting of polyphenolic metabolites in the bark extract of Boehmeria rugulosa Wedd.

Boehmeria rugulosa Wedd. is an evergreen tree of Urticaceae family. Its bark has been extensively used in ethno-medicinal system for various ailments such as bone fracture, sprain, snakebite, and wound healing. Phyto-metabolites, which are considered as the principle components for biological activities, have been least explored for this plant. The present work investigated metabolite profiling of the stem bark of B. rugulosa in water extract using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-MS) technique coupled with the UNIFI platform. We identified, for the first time, 20 polyphenolic metabolites belonging to seven groups: caffeoylquinic acids, coumaroylquinic acids, flavan-3-ols, oligomeric flavonoids, caffeic acid derivatives, coumaric acid derivative, and flavone glycoside in the B. rugulosa extract. UNIFI informatics-coupled UPLC-QToF-MS platform aids in the quick identification and fragmentation pattern of metabolites, with higher degree of reproducibility. The present study provides a chemical and therapeutic basis for further exploration of B. rugulosa as a valuable source of phytochemicals that could be instrumental in deciphering its ethno-medicinal utility for various human diseases.

Identification, Validation and Standardization of Bioactive Molecules Using UPLC/MS-QToF, UHPLC and HPTLC in Divya-Denguenil-Vati: A Penta-Herbal Formulation for Dengue Fever.

For the last fifty years, Dengue has been one of the most common mosquito-borne arboviral infections which has spread over the tropical and subtropical world. Divya-Denguenil-Vati (DNV) has been formulated by blending five specific herbs for effective resolution of Dengue fever. In the present study, we aimed to identify, develop, validate, and standardize methods for Divya-Denguenil-Vati (DNV), on UHPLC and HPTLC analytical platforms, with rapid, sensitive, accurate and rugged attributes. At first, 97 phyto-constituents were identified by UPLC/MS-QToF in Divya-Denguenil-Vati. UHPLC method was then developed and validated for simultaneous determination of gallic acid, 5-HMF, protocatechuic acid, magnoflorine, methyl gallate, berberine, rutin, ellagic acid, ß-ecdysone and rosmarinic acid in DNV. Four selected markers, gallic acid, rosmarinic acid, magnoflorine and rutin were further developed and validated on HPTLC. Analytical processes were validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines; and were found linear (r 2 > 0.99), sensitive, precise (%RSD < 5%), and accurate, as indicated by high recovery values (88-105%). The limit of detection and quantification were also established for these phyto-metabolites, with their respective RSDs within 5% limits. Finally, these validated methods were employed to test twenty six different commercial batches of DNV. The quality, reproducibility and consistency of DNV have been well established using these developed and reliable analytical tools. These analytical strategies successfully set a path forward for robust quality evaluation and standardization of Divya-Denguenil-Vati, and other related herbal formulations. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10337-022-04183-7.